Typewriting machine



April 16, 1946. s, w c I 2,398,457

, TYPEWRITING MACHINE Fild Sept. 16, 1943" 1s- Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY im/13w; a

April 16, 1946. R. s. wALLAcH 3 9 TYPEWRI'IING MAGHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1945 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 HEAVY 430 NORMAL V -LIGHT ,5

, INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY April 16, 1946. R. s. YWALLACJH 2,398,457

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1945 '15 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 3;

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TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16. 1943 13 Sheets-Sheet 4 AWN April "16, 1946.

R. S. WALLACH 'IYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1943 15 Sheets-Sheet 5 mm oh INVENIOR.

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TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1943 13 Sheets-Sheet 8 I FIG.II. FIG. 10.

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A TTORNE Y April 16, 1946. R. s. WALLACH TYPEWRI'IINGMACHINE Filed Sept. -l6, 1943 Apri! 16, 1946. R. s. WALLACH 4 TYPEWRITING MACHINE I Filed Sept. 16, 1943 13 Sheets-Sheet 12 w E 50 I v 5a ig ri/KC F|G.22;

April 16, 1946. R. s. WALLACH TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16

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TTORN HIIIElIlILJ g Patented Apr. 16, 1946 UNITED STATES TYPEWRITING MACHINE Robert S. Wallach, Madison, N. J., assignor to Associated Development & Research Corporation, New York, N. Y., a. corporation of New York Application September 16, 1943, Serial No. 502,599

31 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriting machines. The primary object of the present invention is to provide a typewriting machine capable of producing Justifled copy without the necessity for that writing a preliminary draft'of the matter to higher rate of productivity of master copy to be attained.

An object i to provide a' typewriting machine 01' such character that a line of writing may be set up'in the machine and proof-read before the line is actually typed, in order to enable the operator to determine the amount 01' justification required, and if necessary, to correct any errors that may appear.

An object is to provide an indicator mechanism which may be controlled by keys to store and display a line of writing prior to its being typed in final form whereby it is possible to proof read and correct copy line for line at the time each line is written by the manipulation of the keys.

An object is to provide a novel data storage device capable of automatically controlling the printing mechanism of typewriters to print automatically the data stored thereon.

An object is to provide a novel -electrically controlled typewriting machine.

An object is to provide a typewriting machine in which the printing of the characters is automatically eflected at a uniform speed independently of the manipulation of the keyboard by the operator, thereby avoiding faulty alignment of capitals and other case shifted characters due to rhythm in manipulating the keys.

Another object is to provide an automatic print ing mechanism having means to effect case shifting operations automatically and independently of the operators rhythm in manipulating the keys.

' An object is to provide a machine suitable for composing master copy sheets for photo-oiiset printing in which the composition may be preliminarily accomplished such as to permit visual consideration of each line and determination of the amount of justiiication required and the correction of errors, either typographical or in diction, before actually printing the master copy.

An object is to provide a typewriting machine of such nature that corrections, particularly in cutting stencils, may be made before the line is 55 typed and without making erasures on the printed work sheet.

'Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is a plan view;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section; Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section; Fi 5 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 55 in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a large scale vertical longitudinal sec-.

" .tion through the keyboard;

Fig. 7 is a large scale vertical section showing one of the storage racks set in case shift position:

Fig. 8 is a detail vertical section showing a storage rack at the end of its restoring stroke;

Fig. 9 is a large scale vertical longitudinal section of the indicator mechanism;

Fig. 10 is a greatly enlarged side view of the rear end of a rack and a portion of the sensing contacts: l

Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line I l--- in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a view of the rear end of the sensing carriage;

Fig. 13 is a horizontal section on the line lI--ll ofFig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a vertical section on the line li -ll in Fig. 13; 1

Fig.- 15,1s a diagram showing the wiring and relation of the sensing contacts and rack contacts to the printing magnets and platen shifting magnets;

Fig. 16 is a vertical longitudinal section showing the rack restoring mechanism;

Fig. 17 is a vertical section on the line ll-l'l in Fig. 3;

Fig. 18 is a large scale vertical section of the printing and error key mechanism;

Fig. 19 is a large scale vertical section of the pin restoring mechanism;

Fig..20 is a plan view'of a portion of the pin restoring mechanism;

Fig. 21 is a side view of the escapement rack member for the printing carriage; 1

Fig. 22 is a wiring diagram;

Figs. 23 and 24 are specimens of the work performed by the machine to illustrate the successive writing and justification of two lines;

Fig. 25 is a large scale detail view of the means for aligning the sensing carriage and printing unit carriage in starting osition;

Fig. 26 is a bottom view of the contacts which automatically control restoration of the printing and sensing mechanism and the storage racks after typing of the last character in a line;

Fig. 2'? is a large scale-vertical section on the line 21-21 in Fig. 26; v i

Fig. 28 is a detail view of the mechanism for controlling the pin carriage return contacts; and

Fig. 29 is a plan view of the escapement mechanism.

Main frame work The main frame work comprises a base 3| (Figs. 1 to '7. 9 and 16) to which is secured the vertical side plates 3| (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 16, and 20) which support the bulk of the mechanism of the machine. The side plates are rigidly joined together by a front bar 32, the cross rods 33 on which the pin carriage is slldably mounted, a rack guide bar 34, a rear cross bar 35, and a front cross bar 36; There is also provided a pair of supplemental frame plates 31 (Figs. 1, 2. 3, and 16) which are rigidly joined by the cross rods 38, on which the sensing carriage is slidably mounted,

and by the cross rods 39 on which the printing carriage is slidably mounted. Y

The machine is enclosed by a suitable housing or cabinet 40 suitably shaped to conform to the mechanisms enclosed thereby, the base 30 being formed with a suitable flange overlapping the outer faces of the lower edges of the housing 40.

Keyboard The machine is provided with a keyboard (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6 and 16) which, in respect to the arrangement of the character selecting keys 50, the shift keys the tabulating key 52, the shift lock 53, and the space bar 54, is standard in arrangement and spacing of the keys to enable the touch system commonly employed in typewriting to be used.

The details of construction of the keyboard are shown in Figs; 5, 6, 16 and 18. The character keys 50 (Figs. 5 and 6) have their key caps located in holes in the casing 60 and their stems 50a are vertically guided between plates 55 which are spaced from each other by bars 56 secured to the front and rear edges of the plates 55. Spaced from the lower plate 55 by means of bars 51, is a bottom plate 58. The top plate 55 and the bottom plate 58 are secured to the inside vertical faces of the side plates 3| by means of bars 59 which also space the top plate 55 and bottom plate 58 apart at the ends.

Secured to the top surfaces of the bottom plate 58 are the leaf springs 60 which engage the enlarged lower ends of the stems 50a of the character keys 50 and urge them upwardly. The shift keys 5|, the tabulating key 52, and the shift lock key 53 are mounted in similar fashion, except that the stem of the tabulating key 52 extends through the bottom plate 58 (Fig. 6) and its spring 60 is bifurcated to engage a flange on the stem of the key instead of bearing against the lower end of the key stem. The stems of all of the keys so far mentioned are provided with enlarged lower ends engaging the lower plate 55 to limit upward move- 1 ment of the keys.

The space bar 54 (Figs. 5 and 6) is received in a long slot in the cabinet 40 conforming to the shape of the space bar and is guided by the plates 55 which are provided with slots similar to the one in cabinet E0. The space bar 54 is also provided with springs a at its ends and is formed with a flange engaging the lower plate 55, which springs hold the space bar in the elevated position and which flange limits upward movement of the bar.

All of the keys mentioned so far, with the exception of the tabulating key 52, actuate electrical contacts which, as will be seen later, control the setting of pins to represent the characters or, in the case of the shift keys 5| and the space bar 54, control magnets which efiect case shift selections and spacing of the pin carriage, respectively. For this purpose there is mounted 'on the top surface of the lower plate 55, a number of parallel strips of insulating material 6| (Fig. 6) between which are clamped the key contacts KC, there being a pair of contacts like the contacts KC for each of the keys 50, 5|. The contacts actuated by the keys 5| and 53 are designated SKC in Fig. 22. There is also a pair of contacts SC (Fig. 22) located at about the middle of the space bar 54 for controlling-the magnet which actuates the escapement mechanism for the pin carriage.

The stems 50a of all of the keys except the tabulating key 52, are vertically slotted to receive stems at 5%. The members 62 are shaped somewhat like levers, one arm of which extends over a strip of insulating material 62a on the free end of the. upper contacts KC wh'ereby, when the key is depressed, illustrated by the middle key 50 in Fig. 6, the contacts KC will be closed. The other arm of the member 62 overlies a flange 63 in an angular strip which is used to clamp the contact strips to the plate 55, and when the key is depressed, urges the members 62 in a counterclockwise direction. When the depressed key nears the end of its stroke, the member 62 will be rocked counterclockwise far enough to clear the insulating strip 620. of the associated upper contacts KC and allow the contact to become restored under spring tension, thereby opening the contacts KC. By this means, the closure of the contacts KC is momentary and enables the character selecting magnet connected thereto to be immediately deenergized, notwithstanding the possibility that the key may be held depressed by the operator. When an error key 65 which are located at the right hand end of the keyboard (Fig. 2), the details of construction of which are best shown in Fig. 18. The stems of keys 64, 65 vertically guided by Z-shaped brackets 66 secured to the top surface of the top place 55 and at their lower ends are formed with reducedportions 64a, 65a guided in holes in the plate 58. Springs 601), which are bifurcated at their ends to straddle the reduced portionsSfla, 65a, urge the keys 64, 65 upwardly. Pins 61 on the key stems, limit upward movement of the keys by engagement with the brackets 66.

Since it is desirable that only one of the keys 64, 65 be depressible at a time, there is provided a conventional key arrestor consisting of a channel shaped retaining member 68 in which are located the balls 69. The key caps are provided with extensions 64b, 65b and the balls are of such size that when either key is depressed, its'associated extension 6412 or 651; will spread the balls so as to prevent the other key from being depressed more than a small amount.

The keys 64, 65 are provided with members 62, as in the case of the other keys, both of which members coact with the upper contact member of a pair of contacts Cl such that when either key 64, 65 is depressed, the contacts CI will be closed by the first part of the movement of the key. With continued movement of the key, the lower contact member of the contact CI is operative to close a second set of contacts C2. However, when the key 65 is depressed, the member 62" associated therewith disengages from the upper contact member CI before the contact C2 can be closed. Thus, the key 64 closes both contacts CI and C2 but key 65 only closes contact C I The key 64 is provided with an insulating flange 640 which engages contacts C3 to close said contacts near the end of the downward stroke of the key. The key 64 is similarly arranged to close contacts C4, C5 near the end of the downward stroke of the key 65. The rotation of the members 62 will disengage them from the upper contact member CI and is accomplished by lugs formed in brackets 19 secured to the underside of the top plate 55. Also pivoted on the brackets 19 are key locking detents II which are urged in opposite directions by leaf springs 12 secured to angular lugs on the brackets 19. When the keys 64, 65d have been depressed to the fullest extent, the noses Ha in the detents II snap over the insulating flanges'64c and hold the keys 64, 65 depressed.

Pin carriage The character keys 59 control a pin setting carriage which is used to set pins controlling a and 4), which are secured to the top surface of the plate 89, is a comb bar 82 disposed longitudinally of the plate 88 and transversely of the rods This bar 82 is slotted longitudinally near both its longer edges to support pivot wires 83, and also is slotted transversely to guide the levers 84 which are pivotally mounted on the wires 83,

the levers being staggered as shown in Fig. 3. The vertical arms of the levers 84 (Fig. 4) are pivotally connected to the plungers of the pin selection solenoids PS of which there is one for each of the keys 50. The other arms of the lev'ers 84 are pivotally connected to the setting pins 85 which are guided at their lower ends in holes in the plate 89. The pins 85 have enlarged portions which are engaged by leaf springs 86 urging the pins upwardly. Whenever a solenoid PS is energized under the'control of its associated key 59, the corresponding lever 84 is rocked on pivot wire 83 to thrust the setting pin 85 downwardly. As will be seen hereinafter, this will result in setting one of the pins in the pin bank to store a representation of the character which is to be subsequently printed.

Normally the pin carriage is urged to the right in Figs. 3 and 4 by a spring motor designated 81 in Fig. 3, which is mounted on a bushing 88 secured to the right hand frame plate 3 I A tape 89, connected to the right hand flange 89a of the pin carriage, passes around a pulley 99 carried by a bracket 9| secured to plate 3i and over the pulley 92 on the rear rod 33 and is connected to the spring motor 81. I

For the purpose of spacing the pin carriage, 5 conventional escapement mechanism is provided which is mounted on the pin carriage and cooperates with a rack 93 (Figs. 3, 5, 6, and 29) secured at its ends to the frame plates 3|. This escapement mechanism is most clearly shown in Fig. 29 and is of a type commonly used in typewriting machines. Secured to the top of the plate 89 near its front, there is a bracket 94 (Figs. 3, 6, and 29) the up-turned ears of which are provided with pivot screws 95 supporting a rockable plate 96 on which the loose dog 91 is pivoted at 98. Normally the dog 91' engages the rack 93 as shown in Fig. 6 with the tail 91a (Fig. 29) of the dog engaging a stop pin 96a carried by the plate 96. A spring 99, anchored to an ear in the plate 0 96 and to the loose dog 91, tends to rock said dog in a counterclockwise direction, but on account of the fact that the spring motor 81 constantly tends to draw the pin setting carriage 89 to the right, the tail 91a of the dog 91. will be held against the pin 96a.

The plate 99 is formed with a'holding dog or tooth 96b which ordinarily is clear of the teeth of the rack 93. When the plate 99 is rocked counterclockwise in Fig. 6, the dog 98 moves into a tooth space of the rack 93 before the loose dog 91 clears the tooth which it happens to engage. As soon as the dog 91 is clear of the tooth, the spring 99 rocks the dog 91 in a counterclockwise direction until the stop lug 91b in the dog engages Y a pin 96c carried by the plate 96. The plate 96 is restored by a spring l9l anchored to an ear formed in the plate 96 and to the plate 89. When the plate 99 is restored by spring II, the dog 91 re-enters the next adjacent tooth on the right in the rack 93 now receiving the dog 96b before the dog 86b clears the rack, and, with full restoration of the plate 96, the pin carriage is released and allowed to move one tooth space to the right during which the tail 91a of the loose dog 91 re-engages pin 98a.

For the purpose of operating plate 96 to space the pin carriage, there is provided an escapement solenoid ES mounted on the right hand flange (Fig. 3) of the plate 89. The plunger of this solenoid is connected to the vertical arm of a lever I92 pivoted at I93 to an upward ex ension of the right hand flange 89a. The horizontal arm of the lever arm I92 has an ofiset lug which, as shown in Figs. 3, 6, and 29, overlies the rear end of the plate 98, whereby energization of the solenoid ES rocks the lever I 92 clockwise in Fig. 6,

to actuate the escapement.

For a purpose which will be made clear hereinafter, the shift keys 9| control a solenoid dese0 ignated LRS which may be termed the latch release solenoid. This solenoid is similar to the solenoids PS and controls a pin similar to the pins 85 and in alignment therewith. The solenoid LRS actuates a lever 94a similar to the 5 lever 84, which lever is pivoted on a bracket I94 mounted on the plate 89.

Means is provided to enable the tabulating key 7 52 to release the escapement mechanism to enable the carriage to be tabulated from one position 70 to another. Secured to a shaft I (Fig. 6) jourstop pin III on the-plate 00.

key causes the bail I to rock clockwise in Fig. 6, thereby depressing the plate 36 and moving said plate counterclockwise far enough to disengage both of the dogs 96!), 91 from the rack 93. This permits the pin carriage 80 to run free under the influence of spring motor 01,

For the purpose of arresting the carriage in the desired columnar positions, the machine m provided with tabulating stops designated I0I (Figs. 1, 3, andfi) which are inserted in slots in a plate I08 secured to the cabinet 40, the latter being provided with a suitable slot through which the stops I01 extend. The tabulating stops are formed with two prongs of which the longer one I0'Ia (Fig. 6) is disposed at the top and extends rearwardly toward the pin carriage or to the right in Fig. 6. Pivoted at I09 is a tabulating counter stop lever IIO which has a pin and slot connection with a lever III having an arm extending underneath the bail I06. The lever H0 is actuated in a counterclockwise direction by a spring II2 so that normally the front or right hand end (Fig. 6) of lever I M, which is shaped like a finger, is clear of the lug I0Ia. When the bail I00 is rocked clockwise (Fig. 6), in consequence of depression of the tabulating key 52, the lever; IIO will be rocked clockwise by the lever III into the path of the lug I0la before the bail I00 effects the release of the escapement as described above.

The carriage then will be free to move, as explainedabove, and ultimately will be stopped by the lug I0Ia of the nearest stop I0'I. to the right of the carriage 80, with reference to Fig. 3

In order to control the extent of return of the carriage and arrestthe carriage in a marginal position, there is provided a pair of marginal stops I I3 which are similar to the tabulating stops I01 except that the stops are turned when inserted, so that the lug I I3a, which is the counterpart of the lug I0Ia. is at the bottom, as shown in Fig. 6. The plate 80 forming the frame of the pin setting carriage is bent at a right angle downwardly, as shown in Fig. 6, and to the side of this vertical portion there is pivoted at II4 a goose-neck shaped lever II5. A torsion spring IIG urges the lever H5 in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 28) to hold the lever II5 against a The upper end of the lever H5 is provided with a roller II5a engaging a bail I I8 pivoted at its ends on the blocks 59 which support the keyboard, as shown in Fig. 16. The right hand arm of the bail H8 bears an insulating button whichengages one of a pair of contact members CRC so as to hold said contacts closed. The arms of the bail II8 rest on stop pins H9 carried by the blocks 59, and are urged in a clockwise direction by springs I anchored to the arms of the ball.

The lever I I5 is bentnear its middle, as shown in Figs. 6 and 28, so that it can pass by the lugs mm of the tabulating stops I0'I, but is shaped with a rounded nose II5b adapted to engage the lug II3a of the right hand marginal stop 3. When the pin carriage is returned, as hereinafter described, the nose II5b strikes the lug I I3a and rocks the lever 'I I5 in a clockwise direction (Fig. 28) thereby lifting bail H8 and permitting the contacts CRC to open. As will be made clear hereinafter, this will de-energize the magnet which engages the clutch controlling the return of the pin carriage to the right hand marginal position.

The downwardly extending portion of the plate 80 is bent as shown in Fig. 6, to support a shift latch solenoid SS which is controlled by the shift keys SI in a manner to be explained hereinafter, and is also provided with a handle I2I which may be used to shift the pin carriage by hand, when desired. The handle I2I is provided- Storage mechanism The mechanism for storing a representation of each character is located in the base of the machine and includes a bank of settable pins over which the carriage 80 travels to select columns of pins in each of which a pin is selectively set to represent a character. The pins are designated I30 and are frictionally slidably mounted in two plates I3I (Figs. 3 to '7, 9, 19 and 20) which are spaced from each other by bars I32. The lower plate III, as shown in Figs. 3 and 20, is longer than the top plate and is secured to bent-over lugs 3Ia formed in the side plates 3i. There are 42 pins in each row which extend longitudinally of the machine, that is, vertically i with respect to Fig. 3 and there is a row of Pins for each space or column for which there is a graduation on the scales I08a, I22 (Fig. 1). The

drawings show a machine which has a storage capacity of characters orspaces in one line. Accordingly, the adjacent scales are graduated up to 80.

As shown in Fig. 6, the upper ends of the pins are slotted and they are slightly expanded to give them suflicient friction in the holes in the upper plate I3I to enable the pins to remain in either the upper or the lower position. The pins are also formed with collars I30a. which act as stops to prevent them from being pushed too far in either direction. Normally all of the pins occupy the upper position. When the pin setting carriage 80 is aligned with the pointer on the handle I2I, opposite a selected graduation on the scale I22, the setting pins on the pin carriage 80 will register with the pins I30 0f the row for the column in which the pin carriage is set, whereby if any of the solenoids PS is energized, a corresponding pin I30 will be pushed downwardly as illustrated by the 11th pin from the left in Fig. 6. Each pin, when depressed,

represents both the upper and lower case characters of a letter of the alphabet or one of the usual combinations of characters represented by a single key in a conventional typewriting machine.

Associated with each row or columns of pins I30 is a storage rack I35 (Figs. 4 to 7, and 9), the right hand end of which is guided in a groove in a guide plate I36 secured to the base 30. The left hand ends of the racks I35 are supported and spaced from each other by transverse horizontal slots in the bar 34 and the racks are urged to the left by springs I31 anchored to bent over lugs in an angle bar I38 secured to the base 30 at the rear of the machine. Normally the racks I35 are prevented from moving to the left by means of latches I40 (Figs. 5 to 8) pivoted On a wire I4 I The latches H0 are guided by transverse slots in the bar 32 which form a comb and the ends of the teeth formed by the slots are slotted longitudinally of th bar to support the pivot'wire MI in a well-known way. The latches I40. have bent-over lugs I40a which normally occupy a position in front of detents I42 which are pivoted at [35a on the right hand ends of the racks and are urged in a clockwise direction by springs I43. The detents I42 are formed with-bentover lugs I42a which engage a part ofthe rack I35 to limit clockwise movement of the detents. The springs I43 are anchored to stop members I44 which are vertically slidable inrdove-tail slots in the racks I35. Normally the stops I44 are in their lower positions, as shown in Fig. 6, but are capable of being projected upwardly so that a tooth I44a in the upper end is positioned in horizontal alignment with the end of arm 14% as shown in Fig. 7, by the stop I44 at the left.

When the pin carriage is aligned with respect to any column or row of pins I30, the latch I40 for such column will be aligned with the pin 85a which is actuated by the latchrelease solenoid LBS. As will be made clear hereinafter, when since the lug I40a will be removed from horizontal alignment with the end of arm I42b of thedetent I42 thereby permitting the spring I31 to. draw the rack I35 to the left until the end of the arm I 42b engages the set pin, as illustrated by the foremost rack I35 in Fig. 6. In this manner the racks are selectively positioned to represent a character. Unless the stop' I44 is pushed upwardly, as illustrated at the left in Fig. 7, the rack will be positioned to represent a lower case character.

Provision is made for actuating stops I44 to arrest the racks I35 in positions intermediate the pins to represent the case shifted characters and it is for this purpose that the movable stops I44 are provided; The bar 36, as most clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 7 is slotted transversely to guide a series of detents or cam members I50 pivotally supported by means of a fulcrum wire I5I in a longitudinal slot in the bar 36. The members I 4 are urged in a counterclockwise direction (Figs. 6 and '7) by springs I52 and their lower ends are provided with a latching shoulder which normally is just clear of a restoring plate I53 secured to a shaft I54 journaled in side plates 3I. There is a memberl50 for each of the racks I35 and the members I50 are located in the plane of the stops I44. The bar 36 acts as a stop to limit counterclockwise rotation of members I50 under the influence of springs I52.

The lower ends ofthe detents adjacent the latching shoulders are engaged by latch springs I55, of which there is one for each member I50. Each member I50 is provided with a cam portion I50a which is normally horizontally clear of the path of a cam surface I44b formed in the lower end of the adjacent stop I44. 'I'he cam members.

I30 corresponding to a particular rack I35, the

plunger I56 of the solenoid SS will be positioned in alignment with cam member I50 and provisions are made, when a solenoid PS is energized with a shift key 5| held depressed, for energizingthe solenoid SS to rock the cam member I50 withwhich it is in alignment in a clockwise-direction far enough for the latch spring I to enter the line and determine the amount of justiflcation re ouiredprior to typing the line. This indicating latching shoulder in the cam member. This spring then holds the cam nose I 500 into'thepath of thecarrrsurface I44b. Sinceatthis time the: solenoid RLS is energized to release the rack-l35l as explained above, the movement otthe rack to the leftin Fig. '6 causes the stopI4'4'to be cammed upwardly by cam portion I We "to position I the I tooth 1440'. of "the stop l44 in horizontal alignment with the end I42b of thedetent I42 for-the same rack. This causes the rack Iorwhich a stop I44 has been thrust upwardly to be arr'estedin'an 8 intermediate position,- as shown at the left in Fig.7.

When the racks I35-are restored ina manner hereinafter to be described, they arepositively moved to the right, Figs. 6 and 7. Near the end of the restoring stroke of theracks, arms I42'c engaged bythe lugs I42b of the detents' when stops I44 have been set as at the left in Fig. 7.

On the restoring movement, the slight excess movement of the racks to theright causes the detent members. I42 to be rocked counterclockwise beyond their normal position as in Fig. 8 and therebythey push down the stops I44 to their normal position of Fig. 6. Upon the release of the.

restoring mechanism the springs I31 draw the racks I35 slightly to the left until the detent members I42strike the lugs I40a.

Provision is also made for restoring latches I40. It will be noted in Figs. 6 and 7 that each of the latches I40is provided with a pair of notches I40b engaged bydetentsprings I51 secured to the bar 32 whereby the latches are held either in their normal or inset positions. The tails of the latches I40 are formed with hooked portionsc which engage a storing plate I58 disposed between the plates I3I whichguidethe pins I30. The r plate I58 is provided with a hole for each of the pins I30 and is located beneath the enlarged portions Illa of the pins whereby, if the" plate I58 is raised, it not only lifts the pins I30 up to their normal position, but also, through the hook por- 'tions I300. rocks all of the released latches I40 in a counterclockwise direction back to normal position.

' When the plate I58 is operated as aforesaid, the

shaft I54 and stop plate I53 are rocked in a counterclockwise direction to depress the latch springs I55 and release the cam members I50". For this purpose the shaft I 54 is provided with an arm I58which is connected by a link I 60 (Figs; 6, "I, 19 and 20) to a bracket I51 securedto the plate I58 whereby the raising of the plate to restore the pins and the latches also rocks the shaft I54 counterclockwise in Fig. 6.

Indicator mechanism Indicator mechanism is provided for the purpose oi enabling the operator to proof-read each mechanism is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4', 5, and 9 and is most clearly shown in Fig. 9. Rotatably mounted on a cross shaft I10 supported by the frames Si is a series of indicator wheels "I, one

for each rack I35. The indicator wheels have two series of characters. one interspersed'with the a other, one series consisting of the lower case charshaft I15.

acters and the other the upper case characters. For the purpose of reading a line of characters, the cabinet 40 is provided with a viewing slot 40a. For the, purpose of indicating the wheel which is to be set at any given time, the pin carriage 80 has secured to ita pointer I12 (Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 9) which extends through a second slot 40b in cabinet 40 disposed parallel with the slot 404, whereby, when the pin carriage 80 is set to coopcrate with the. row of pins I30 of any particular rack, the indicator I12 will be in alignment with the indicator wheel "I which is geared to the rack corresponding to the selected row of pins For the purpose of driving the indicator wheels I", the racks I35 are provided with teeth I355 meshing with an idler gear I13 which meshes with gears I14 secured to the indicator wheels IN. The idler gears I13 are loosely mounted on a cross Thus, the indicator wheels I1I normally will be set proportionately tojahe movement of the racks I35 to display lower case characters at the slot or window I40, and, when stopped in any of the intermediate positions, the proper upper case characters will *be displayed.

Translating mechanism .racks'as determined by the set pins I30. This translating mechanism includes contact means individual to each rack. This contact means is shown in Figs. 9, 10, and i1, and it appears to bestv advantage in Figs. and 11.

Secured to the rear or left hand ends (Figs. 5, 9, and 10) of the racks I35 are the plate I80 formed of insulating material. Secured to the left hand ends of the plates I80 (Figs. 10 and 11) edge of the bar 84.

loops I8Ia from thrusting the rear or left hand ends of the racks I35upwardly when the racks have moved a considerable distance toward the rear of the machine, there is provided guide means which consists of thin bars or guide strips I85 (Figs. 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11) which at their rear ends are received in transverse slots in the bar 35. The rear ends ofthe bars I35 are supported in said slots by means of a channel strip I86 (Figs. 4 and 5) secured to the rear face of bar 35. The rear ends of the guide bars I85 are bent at right angles to prevent their being pulled horizontally out of the slots in bar 35.

At their front or right hand ends, the strips I85 are somewhat L-shaped (Figs. 5 and 9) to provide arms I85a which extend downwardly into vertical transverse slots in the right hand or front The bar 34 is also slotted longitudinally along its front edge to receive a retaining wire I81 which passes through holes in the vertical portions or arms I85a of the "guide strips I85.

Each of'the racks I35 is provided at its rear or left hand end (Figs. 9, 10 and 11) with a roller I350 which engages the lower edge of the adjacent guide strip .185. This roller prevents the rear are the contact elements I8I which project upwardly slightly above the "upper horizontal edges of the plates I80, the contact elements IBI being riveted to the plate I80 with a strip of insulating material I82 on the opposite side thereof to the shown in Fig. 10, to form a contact shoe I8 la, the end of the loop being riveted at I80b to the plate I80 whereby the contact element I8I and the shoe I8Ia are insulated from the end of the rack I35. The contact element I8I and the loop I Bla are preferably formed of highly resilient material such as phosphor bronze, to enable the loop I8 Ia yieldingly to engage contact plate I88. The plate I 83 is secured insulatably to bar 38 and to a bar I84 of insulating material mounted between the plates 31.

The plate I83 is not level. but a major part slants toward the front or the machine (Fig. 5) so that the loops I8 Ia will be compressed slightly as the racks I35 movetoward the rear of the maplates I80. Each contact element I8I has integral therewith a narrow strip which is looped, as

chine, that is, to the left in Fig. 5. The purpose of this construction is to retard the racks since they are free to move under spring tension alone when they are released from latches I40 and would acquire too great momentum unless means is provided to check them.

In order to prevent the spring tension of the ends of the racks from being thrust upwardly by the resiliency of the loops I8Ia. The insulating strips I82 revent the guide strips I85 from making electrical contact with the contacts I8I.

Cooperatinggwith contact elements I8I is a sensing carriage which senses the relative displacements of the racks one'by one and selectively controls printing of the characters represented by their positions. This sensing mechanism includes a carriage which is movable transversely of the racks I35 and parallel with the pin setting carriage and is shown in Figs. 3, 5, and 9. This carriage includes a plate I80 having secured at its front and rear ends the angle strips I80a, I801) to which are secured the tubes I80c which may be welded or brazed to'the inside of the angle-and through which the rods 38 pass to slidably support the carriage I80. Pivotally mounted on lugs I80d is the lever I8I having one of its arms formed as a half nut I9Ia capable of engaging a worm I92 rotatably mounted in the plates 8|, The worm I82 rotates continuously in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 9) and, if half nut I8Ia is held engaged therewith, as in Fig. 9, the plate I90 will be advanced to the right (Fig. 3) with a continuous motion.

Normally the lever I9I is held in the position of Fig. 5, with the half nut I8Ia disengaged from the worm I82, by means of a bar I83 secured to a shaft I84 journaled in plates 31. The bar I83 engages the rounded end of the other arm I8Ib of the lever I9I holding said lever. against the tension of a leaf spring I85 which tends to rock the lever I8I counterclockwise (Fig. 3). When the shaft I85 is rocked clockwise, the spring I85 rocks the lever I8I counterclockwise and allows the half nut I8Ia to engage the worm I92.

Secured to the shaft I84 (Figs. 5 and 9) is a lever I86 urged ina clockwise direction by a spring I81 anchored to a pin carried by the right hand plate 31. Clockwise rotation of the lever I98, however, normally is prevented by a latch lever I88. one arm of which engages the upper arm of lever I85 as shown in Fig. 5. The latch lever I98 is pivoted at I88 to the right side plate 31 and is urged in a counterclockwise direction by a spring 200. The other arm of the'latch lever I88 is connected by a link 20I to the plunger ona shaft 204 journaled 'in=the..plates 3l;l-;=;Se-; cured to the shaft 204 is. a clampingbarmllli' which is ifaced with a pad 206 .ofresilient mate;-; rial such as rubbenu When lever I96 rocks. as

aforesaid," in consequenceiof releaseof latch: [98,: 1 57' the shaft 204 and 'theplat'e 2ii5yare rocked in -ay clockwise direction to the -position of,.:9: whereby thepad 208 engages the teeth-135D ,of; the racks I35 and holds themsecurely against longitudinal displacement, the springr'lill maintaining pad 206 in yielding engagement with the racks. In order to restore the parts inst de; scribed to the position of Fig.5, there is'provided a restoring solenoid RSI, the plunger oiwhich is connected to the arm 203, whereby the energiza tion of the solenoid rocks arm 203.and shaft! counterclockwise (Fig. 9) "and thereby similarly rocks lever I06 and shaft l94through link 202; This causes the lever i9l to be rocked clockwise, disengaging the half nut I9 I a from the worm= I92. The energization of the solenoid RSI "takes place automatically at the end of 'a printing operation as will be explained hereinafter. 1 r

The carriage I90 supports a set of sensing elements or contacts which are connected to the printing magnets and to'the platen shifting magnets. The reference numeral'2i0 (Figs-5, 10' to 14, and 16) designates an elongated -bar oi insulating material in which is molded a row of contact elements 2 best shown in Figs; 10 and 11, corresponding to the number or character keys 50. These elements 2 are bent at anangle to form wipers 2l'la designed to cooperate'with the contactelements IBI. Also molded in thebar l lfl is a pair of contact strips-H2, 2l3-having wiper elements 212a and H311, respectively arranged in longitudinal alignment on the side of the bar 2") which is leading when the carriage I 90 is being driven by the worm I92. In other words, with reference to Figs. 11, 12' and l4 the direction of feed by the worm I92 is to the left whereby any one 'of the wiper elements 2l2a'or 2l3a may engage the contact elements l8! in advance of the elements 2| la.

The relation of the contact elements 2l3a, H211, to elements 2! la is most clearly shown in Fig. 15, from which it will be noted that there is 13!, including both the upper and lowercase positions.

The bar H0 is provided with an extra contact element 2| lb in longitudinal alignment with the elements 2| la and eachof theelements 2i lb nor-: mally is in contact with the element "lot the corresponding rack when the latteris in unset an element 2l2a for every other element 2| la in condition; As soon as a rack is set, as explained above, however, the element lillmoves out :of

contact with the element 2Ilb and into contact with .one of. the clea enes s aqh l er bar 2 i i'l v isiriourited aid enqu hl tlie e e li (b r a I i 1 wi l r vel vi t a l as, t with no movement between} the na e and the bar.

Owing to the inclination. otthe slots if the bar H0 is pressed to the right '(Fig. 12), the

studs I will ride up theslotsalflle and lift the contact I elements. 2! la, 2i lb, 2n 2 Ila, out of ii ag'enientjwith fthecontact elements I 8] tonerrnit the carriage l 9 l tojberet irned after-a prmt i .ioperationfifwithout' damaging the aforesaid ctnpaete e e ts'; In traveling to theirisht in Fijg. 3,19 to thegleftfinFiggll, the contact elements time fir ten sse e emen I l and mn the, elements Ilia .engagebefore the c9 t ere; merits 2l 2ii. 2l3dffbecomefdisengaged. Thus, omen a ily br e; ii t e ,le II M. d

2'l3a'wil1 jmak electricalf contact o eaitergthe V Mounted "between thefl plates 21' and extending parallel with the line of travel of thecarriage i9!) (Figs. 5,9, 26, and 27) isjabar- 220. Thisbar possibly oneflor the other or; the, elements: 213

The elements 222 are'bent at222b to act as cam followers in cooperation with the top ,edgesfoi' plates 180. When the racks are in their normal positions, that, is, have not'been set to represent a character, the plates: I80 engage the bent portions 222b as shown inF ig. 9 and make electrical contact between the contact elements 22! on each side of the elements .222. In other words. assuming none of the rackshave been set, but that all are in the positions oflli'ig. 5, all oi the elements 22l will be electrically connected together acrossthemachine However, ifany rack is set to represent a character, the element 222 corresponding to such rack will moveto theposition of Fig. 27, thereby breaking the circuit {to the elements-22l on eachsideofthe rack;

The bar 220 also is provided with a comrnon contact strip 223 (Figs. 26 and 27) whic h extends lengthwise of the bar. right hand end of the bar 2T6 is a contact member 224 which; is formed with two contact elements, a one bearing on the common bar 223 and the other riding on up-turned lugs 22 lb formed in the members 22!. The contact element, 224 is so positioned on thebar 2|0 that when once! the ele- Se cured to, the front or 

